Principles of Berthing

A large ship about to berth should be brought, by tugs and/or the use of her engines, to a position in front of her berth and stopped dead a short distance off, parallel to her berth. The layout out of her moorings to the berth mooring points will then commence.

The term “berth” refers to the quay, or wharf, or, pier or jetty where the ship comes alongside, but it may also mean a place in which a vessel is moored or anchored.

The ship will be pushed or warped slowly into the berth, ideally achieving a gentle contact while making a small angle with the berth.

Since the ship will most frequently come alongside at a slight angle to the berth, it will initially make contact with only one fender. The ship will then rotate round before striking further fenders.

Tugs, launches and other small craft will tend to approach their berths more directly than for large ships. Ferries and roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro) ships approach their berths in a rather different way.

The above berthing principles may be assumed when designing fendering systems in accordance with this code of practice.

Fenders are used to avoid damage to the vessel’s paintwork, the side fittings and equipment as it approaches the wharf or after tying up and the waves and swell move the boat about.

Fenders are rigged to absorb impact and/or chafing. Fenders come in many shapes and sizes, from rubber to small fibreglass and plastic ones. Note that life jackets should never be used as fenders… that’s not their purpose.

Fenders are often needed when any difficulty occurs with the berthing or unberthing operation. So be ready. Lay them out ahead of time.

Take care when using fenders. Sometimes it’s appropriate to hold them in place by their lanyard, and sometimes they need to be secured. Avoid getting your hands caught. Plan how to tie them off safely.

Tie off fenders with either a slipping clove hitch or a clove hitch and a half hitch.

Tie the fenders onto the bollards or bitts. Do not to tie fenders to guardrails or handrails if there is any possibility that the fenders will get caught and pull the rail. Bent rails are expensive to repair.

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